===== Simulation - Microsurgery Models ======

==== Equipment: Microscope Alternatives for Training====

===Smartphone===
The smartphone with a camera is almost ubiquitous, and can be used as a loupe/microscope alternative.

  - [[jnl:amin2013|Amin and colleagues]] suggest using an iPad on a mount using zoom software to replicate a microscope. The set up can also record the practice to enable review and feedback.

See also [[jnl:ehanire2018]] for a comparison of loupe-only versus microscope for free tissue transfer.
====Non-biological Models====

===Noodles=== 
Leclère, F. M. P., Lewbart, G. A., Rieben, R., & Vögelin, E. (2013). Microsurgery and liver research: Lumbricus terrestris, a reliable animal model for training? Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology, 37(2), 166–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinre.2012.04.008

===Silicone tubes===

===Latex===
  * Latex glove
    * Latex and micropore by [[jnl:hsieh2017]]

====Microsurgery Practice Kits====

These are single or multi-model kits for microsurgery task training. They are portable and often pocket sized making them convenient to carry around for opportunistic training.

  * A home-made microsurgery practice card using latex gloves, rubber bands, feeding tubes, and cardboard box. see [[jnl:rayan2006]]
  * Micro Practi-Card by Xomed: a latex rubber sheet sandwiched between two pieces of cardboard.[[jnl:awwad1984]]
  * Another example of a training card from Spain. No details about availability. [[jnl:Uson2002]]

====Biological non-vital====

===Chicken thigh=== 
see [[jnl:sucur1981]], [[jnl:marsh2007]]
  - only for artery
  - vein too fragile, nerve unlike human

==Adjuncts==

[[jnl:marre2011|Intraluminal latex tubing]] in the chicken femoral artery to make the anastomosis easier.

===Earthworms===
  - similar to artery
  - no patency test

==== Vital ====

=== Microvascular task ===

  - Rat femoral artery
  - Rat tail

=== Replantation model ===

  - Rat tail. [[jnl:zhang1998|Zhang et al]] described a digital replantation model using the rat tail. The vessel size was about 0.8mm for artery and veins. In their series, all the replanted tails survived two weeks.
  - Rat limb
      - [[jnl:zhou2017|Zhou]] developed an ectopic replantation model.
  - Rabbit ear. see [[jnl:haines1985]]