=====How we think and learn=====

====Ch 1. The General Nature of Human Cognition and Learning: Probably Not Quite What You Think It Is====
Cognition and thinking

Many animals can learn, but humans are unique in that:
  * complex language
  * repository of knowledge - culture/society
  * metacognition
  
Our memory is not like a camera
  - it is incomplete
  - it is inaccurate - interpreted rather than literature
  - it is not permanent
  
Teaching and learning
  * we do not naturally know how to learn and remember
  * we do not naturally know how to teach
  
Strategies
  * Self
    * don't try to remember all
	* look for patterns
	* fit existing knowledge
  * Teaching
    * provide framework
	* provide reason

==== Ch3. Cognition and Learning as Constructive Processes: Finding Order in Chaos ====

  * Encoding information
    * verbal labels
    * symbols
    * behaviours
    * imagery
    * gist/ ubuntu
  * Construction of meaning
    * self -gestalt --> closure ------ --- --
    * co-construction of meaning
      * mostly good, some bad (e.g. conspiracy theories)
  * Organizing our thoughts
    * concepts
    * schema
    * scripts (for events)
    * personal theories
    * world views
  * Self strategies
    * realize we may be wrong
    * seek out other perspectives
  * Instructional strategies
    * explicitly teach new concepts

====Ch 4. Key components of memory====

2020-09-01

  * Brain functions as integrated system, but useful to consider different components/ functions of memory
  * coding, storage, retrieval
  * Types
    * //Storage// register 2-3 s, unencoded
	* needs attention
    * //Working (short-term) memory//, 7 numbers/4 items, 30s
    * //LT memory//: limitless
    * declarative vs procedures (+/- conditional) knowledge
  * Central executive - in pre-frontal cortex as "manager"
  * There is also "implicit" learning vs "explicit":
    * apples / apricots more common
    * horses found in field/ shops

  * self-strategies: focus on need to know vs nice to know; attention
  * instruction: keep attention

====Ch 6 Remembering, Forgetting, misremembering====

  * Long term memory - size is large BUT
  * Retrieval is one problem
    * retrieval cues - internal vs external
    * context is important
  * Semantic vs episodic memory
  * Decay - if not used
  * Reconstruction when retrieving memory - may be "misremembering"
  * "Prospective memory" -- need to remember sometime at some specific time
  * Interference e.g. capital of Turkey
  * "incubate a problem"


====History====
  * 2020-08-26 created
  * 2020-08-28 added Chapter 3
  * 2020-09-19 added Chapter 6