==== Redefining simulator proficiency using automaticity theory ====

Source: 
Stefanidis D, Scerbo MW, Korndorffer JR, Scott DJ. Redefining simulator proficiency using automaticity theory. Am J Surg.2007;193(4):502–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.11.010

=== What is automaticity? ===
Automaticity is a characteristic of **expertise** defined by the ability to perform a task without significant demands on **attention** 

Is this concept of automaticity synonymous with [[autonomy]]? 

=== How to measure it? ===

  - Stefanidis suggests use of a secondary visual-spatial task can differentiate experts/trained individuals/novices.
  - primary [[fundamentals of laparascopic surgery|FLS]] task: 300s suture tying
  - secondary counting squares: look for 4x4 white square
  - expert/trained - better primary scores vs novice
  - expert - similar primary scores but better secondary scores vs trained.
  - secondary tasks assesses "spare attentional capacity" –> consider [[cognitive load]] concept
  - for simplified surgical simulation tasks, it may be difficult to identify the "true expert"


One important characteristic that distinguishes between experts and novices is how they use **attentional resources**. Experts can often perform multiple tasks simultaneously with little or no performance decrement. 

=== How to train for it? ===
Select an appropriate secondary task: selective, sensitive, unobtrusive

Benefits?

Problems/ limitations?