Source: Szasz P, Louridas M, Harris KA, Aggarwal R, Grantcharov TP. Assessing technical competence in surgical trainees: A systematic review. Ann Surg. 2015;261(6):1046-1055.

Technical competence (safe)(Mohr definition 125) vs Proficiency (near expert)

Methods: Likert, benchmark, binary, novel tools, Surrogate outcomes e.g. FDP

Technical skill vs competence Competence vs profiency vs expert (see Dreyfus 5 stage model) vs Gobbet and Chassy